Corporate Social Responsibility And Csr - 8791 Words

Abstract Corporate social responsibility (CSR) draws more and more attentions from stakeholders, especially in the rapidly growing Chinese market. Most of the previous study regarding CSR and customer related outcomes are based on the social exchange theory, while the potential effect of customer company identification (C-C identification) has been ignored. Recently, the important effect of C-C identification on CSR has been conceptually and empirically validated by some studies. The study incorporates the C-C identification, trust, satisfaction as mediator between CSR and customers’ purchase intention, expanding previous studies by combining the social identity perspective with social exchange theory. A model was constructed based on†¦show more content†¦The main motivation behind CSR is the potential benefits that firms can derive when they are perceived by their stakeholders as a socially responsible organization (Tian, Wang, and Yang, 2011). In other words, the benefits of a certain company will be harmed if customers perceived its irresponsible activities. As an example, after the exposure of its emission scandal, Volkswagen, which was viewed as a responsible beforehand, encountered a 37% stocks price slump within two days. However, good CSR activities can still cause positive influence on Volkswagen’s reputations to minimize the lost in its reputation. After the scandal, Volkswagen said that it would recall around 8.5 million diesel-engine cars in the European Union and it would give $1,000 to some owners of diesel VW and Audi cars that do not achieve the emissions limits in the United States. As a positive results of the mentioned CSR actions, suggested by CN BC on October 20th 2015, over two thirds of German consumers, out of the 1,000 German adults questioned in an online survey, believe that the embattled German carmaker still builds outstanding cars and that the emissions scandal was overdone. Motivated by the importance of CSR in practice, many researchers have investigated the potential effect that CSR has on customer behavior and response, such as customer satisfaction (e.g., Luo and Bhattacharya,

Olaudah Equiano s Narrative Of Slavery - 1061 Words

Olaudah Equiano was one of the most famous black men in the history of slavery who was fortunate enough to purchase his own freedom. In addition, Equiano becomes extremely popular by writing his first slave narrative in 1789. In his autobiography named The interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano he emphasized various aspects of slavery throughout the entire book. In the narrative, he establishes his perspective about himself, God and Slavery. He was definably a man of motivation for all other slaves in his lifetime who continue to struggle for his freedom.In The Interesting Narrative, Olaudah Equiano utilizes poetic diction, mood, displeased tone and internal conflict in order to illustrate his perspective as a slave by emphasizing the cruelty as well as the brutality of slavery. In his novel Equiano uses poetic diction to express his thoughts about his own circumstances as a slave. By reading the following quote the reader will get a sense of his feelings being a slave. Where slaves are free, and men oppress no more. Fool that I was, inur d so long to pain, To trust to hope, or dream of joy again [†¦] Thank heaven one day of mis ry was o er, Then sink to sleep, and wish to wake no more ( Ch; 5, Pg: 97-98) In spite of taking all of his wages and assuring freedom Equiano’s master Pascal betrayed him by selling him to someone else. Therefore, Equiano was very disappointed as he had expected to get freedom for so long, but instead he was forced intoShow MoreRelatedOlaudah Equianos Influence1139 Words   |  5 PagesInfluence and Career of Olaudah Equiano There have been many authors throughout history who have impacted America, amongst them is Olaudah Equiano. Olaudah Equiano, a slave who wrote about his terrible experiences, not only changed America, but changed the world. Equiano s life and career were divided in two parts: his life as a slave and his life as a free man. He battled the slave ships and helped abolish the slave institutions with the power and depth of his writings. Equiano s most powerful pieceRead MoreThe Life Of Frederick Douglass And Olaudah Equiano1398 Words   |  6 PagesDouglass and Olaudah Equiano were two slaves during those times that were forced into the world of slavery. Frederick Douglass’s â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass An American Slave† and Olaudah Equiano’s â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano† are literary pieces that talk about their views, experiences, and ideas in relation to slavery. The narratives of Douglass and Equiano offer true records of life as a slave. In the matter of life revolving around slavery, FrederickRead MoreThe Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano, By James Sweet And Katrina Thompson901 Words   |  4 Pagesbook The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano by Olaudah Equiano, in which the author recounts his experience as a slave going through the Middle Passage. Other works such as Ring Shout, Wheel About The Racial Politics of Music and Dance in North American Slavery, by Katrina Thompson, and Domingos à lvares, African Healing, and the Intellectual History of the Atlantic World, by James Sweet, can help us garner a deeper insight as to the experiences of Olaudah Equiano by analyzing similarRead MoreSummary : Free Slave Voice 1397 Words   |  6 Pagesfor we are many and evil is few. (OE) after reading the excerpt of â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African,† it was then necessary to read the complete text. Upon completion of the reading, I found that it was somewhat troublesome because there is not a sense of urgency in the tone of his writing to help his fellow Negros out of their enslavement. The narrative does not provoke the reader to become alarmed at the plight of Negro slave but insteadRead MoreA Narrative Of Captivity By Mary Rowlandson Essay962 Words   |  4 PagesA Narrative of Captivity by Mary Rowlandson and The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano by Olaudah Equiano are captivity narratives in which the two narrators share their individual stories of being abruptly kidnapped and enslaved. Equiano was an black 11 year old boy who was stolen from his home by African slave traders in 1756. Rowlandson, a 39 year old Puritan woman, was taken in 1675, during King Philipâ€⠄¢s War, after Indians raided her town. Although the two authors are both kidnappedRead MoreSlave Narratives, By Harriet E. Wilson And The Fascinating Narrative Life Of Olaudah Equiano1173 Words   |  5 Pagesconcerns the period of African American slavery in the United States. Often, the experience of slavery is imagined as always occurring in the same way, with the same experience. However the â€Å"slave narrative† as a genre is tremendously diverse, supporting a variety of perspectives and experiences that often have little in common other than the experience of slavery. In fact, even this experience varies greatly from one narrative to another. Two slave narratives which highlight this fact are Our NigRead MoreThe Complex Nature Of Equiano s Identity Crisis1411 Words   |  6 Pagescrisis Equiano presents himself as an African, who is embattled with a myriad of issues enroute to a foreign land. He starts off as a normal African boy that takes pride in the family unit. His life changes as he is exposed to a life of slavery that makes him wonder just how far he would go to regain his freedom. Equaino is celebrated due to his anti-slave trade achievements, but rather criticized for a lack of authenticity in his plight to free the world of slavery. He begins his narrative with aRead MoreThe Narrative Of Olaudah Equiano1123 Words   |  5 PagesMatter Where Olaudah Equiano Was Born? The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African, by Olaudah Equiano, can be described as one of the most successful literary prose written by an African-American up to the start of the Civil War. Autobiographies were not considered a form genre in the literary field at the time it was published in 1789 and few books that had been produced in America gave such garish, solid and adventurous narratives. Equiano s narrativeRead MoreThe Labor Of Slave Women1512 Words   |  7 PagesMore Than Chains and Toil is a knowledgeable written work as an explanation of servitude in the experience specifically of African American women. Even though forced grunt work was the bases of slavery, very few have the knowledge of the labor of slave women had to do from the perspective of slave women themselves. The author presents and clarifies the understandings the impact labor-meanings has on women in a moral value perspective. According to Joan Martin, â€Å"moral agency† for slaves meant autonomyRead MoreOlaudah Equiano. Olaudah Equiano Who Was Known As Gustavus1129 Words   |  5 PagesOlaudah Equiano Olaudah Equiano who was known as Gustavus Vassa throughout his entire life was an popular African in London, a freed slave who was in support for the British Movement towards bringing to an end then slave trade. His memoirs in his own â€Å"The Interesting Narrative ofthe Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African† describes a young man captured and enslaved only at the tender age of eleven years. The journey of Equiano from captivity of being a slave to freedom, becoming

Marketing and Advertising Law for Trade Act -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMarketing and Advertising Law for Trade Marks Act. Answer: The issue here is to verify if the manufacturer could claim the right ownership of the trademark Lazeabouta, Secondly manufacturer must prove that consumers actually confused between the two brands, third that the mark Lazeabout were similar in both by visual and by sound, also the manufacturer must show that the importer was offering the same services as them and that the targeted customers were also similar.[1] Rule: Under the Trade Marks Act 1995 article 17, the manufacturer is required to register the trademark which will identify them solely as the brand owners. Application: The court cannot grant the trademark right to the manufacturer since it was not registered by them,[2] but based on other bylaws the importer would be found guilty of infringement, but the court will have to consider the other factors mentioned above. Therefore the allegations of the manufacturer can be proven under the trademark law. Issue: whether an impression was created by one business to mean that their product and services are one and the same with the other under passing off. Rule; Passing off under intellectual property law section 120 means misinterpretation by a business showing that their products are one and the same with another. Application: The appellants argument cannot stand in court since the two businesses were different, the defendants business dealt with garbage collection while the latter was associated with clothing and toys hence the consumers could not confuse between the two. Conclusion: It is clear that the defendants intention was not to breach the law since no impression was created considering the names were also differentiated with one being Wombles Ltd and the other Wombles skips skips here suggesting the nature of the business. Section 18 of the Australian consumer law discourages companies from deceiving customers by giving false information about their product or services. The appellant should prove if this was the intention of the defendant.[3] Remedies The German Company Can Take Against The Australian Company Issue: The German company should prove that the mark used by United Breweries was actually similar to theirs and that they owned the trade mark as it was registered by them. Also the company should prove intentional behavior of the other company to mislead the consumers into believing that the products of the two companies were one and the same by using the brand which is similar by sound and also by indicating that the beer was German made when actually it is not.[4] Rule; Passing off is a law that prohibits businesses from false misinterpretation of goods and services under the 1995 Act. Application; This breaking of law by the Australian manufacturer gives the Germans a good basis for taking action and moving to the courts where a court ruling can be granted[5] and if the plaintiff succeeds in proving their case the defendant will be required to pay for damages caused. Issue: The United breweries was wrong since they claimed to be associated with the German company by using similar bottle to that used by the Germans and also by using label which had German flag implying that their beer was from Germany which was a lie. They also lied about the contents of their beer when in fact they were using one of their old beer only under a different name. Rules: Under ACL the companies are not supposed to use false information regarding the product when marketing. Application: The German company can use these points to take action against the united breweries under the Trade Practices Act section 120(1) because they breached the law in more than one way, and request to be compensated for the damages caused or for the company to be given public warning or seek a court hearing or file for trademark infringement.[6] Bibliography Dunn, Heather. "Five best practices in advertising law." Marketing News, 2015., 20, Fueroghne, Dean Keith. Law Advertising : A Guide to Current Legal Issues. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman Littlefield Publishers, 2017 Kolah, Ardi. Essential Law for Marketers. London: Kogan Page, 2013. Scholtes, Virginia E. "TRADEMARK LAW: The Lexmark Test for False Advertising Standing:When Two Prongs Don't Make a Right." Berkeley Technology Law Journal 30, (January1, 2015): 1023

Inspiring the Uninspired free essay sample

â€Å"Fear not, for I am with you; be not dismayed, for I am your God; I will strengthen you, I will help you, I will uphold you with my righteous right hand.† Isaiah 41:10 Briggs Berry is someone who left a huge impact on me before the Lord took him on September 13, 2014.You would never see him without a smile on his precious face.â€Å"It’s going to get worse before it gets better,† were the words that Briggs had spoken to me before he went into the hospital for the final time before he was going to be a normal kid again. I sit here and wonder when it is going to better and when the pain is going to go away but only Briggs and God will know the answer to that question. I look up to him and wonder every day how he had so much faith, strength, and courage. We will write a custom essay sample on Inspiring the Uninspired or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He kept on and lived every day, as nothing was wrong. I always asked â€Å"Briggs, how are you so strong in such a tough situation?† His answer was always â€Å"God.† God played such a huge role in the Berry family. You would always hear his mom, DeAnna, reading bible verses to Briggs and saying prayers over him. The doctors always would tell them that they didn’t think that their son would make it through the night but miracles happened and they said it was only because they have such strong faith. Briggs had overcome so many miracles except God realized that He needed him more than we needed him down here on earth. He made me realize that life is so fragile and that I always need to have faith in the Lord. I have to keep reminding myself that everything happens for a reason but right now I just don’t understand what that reason is. I have become such a stronger individual ever since I met Briggs. I don’t know where I would be right now in my life if it weren’t for him. Briggs Berry will always be such an inspiration to me.

Chemistry Resources for College Students - Paperell.com

Chemistry Resources for College Students Chemistry Resources for College Studentsby admin09/21/2018 HomeBlogChemistry resources for college studentsSome students find chemistry extremely hard. Well, it is hard, that’s true. This subject has a tough reputation and chemistry is a difficult science to master in general. But, why students are struggling with it so much?Truth is, the level of information in today’s college chemistry books is rather bad. What is more, students struggle with math. And you can’t understand chemistry without knowing math since these two subjects are strongly connected. Some students can’t even add numbers without using a calculator. No matter, whether it is the education to blame or it is the responsibility of students themselves, it  is a real problem. So, if you are struggling with both subjects, then it might be a good time to make some changes in your studying process. However, there is no way around learning chemistry other than practice, practice, practice. Of cou rse, this subject is not a walk in the park, but you can start to understand it better if you know some good online resources for studying.In this article, we have organized free chemistry resources for college students. We hope you will find these chemistry resources  extremely useful and that you will finally stop having troubles with this subject. So, check them out!Organic ChemistryIf you ask any student who has studied chemistry, which course was the most difficult for them, the answer will be organic chemistry. In fact, this class has the highest failure rate, but your online help is just a click away!YouTube ChannelsLeah4sci: You can find a lot of video tutorials on this channel with detailed explanations.Frank Wong: Frank is helping students discover their potential by showing them how fun and simple organic chemistry can be!ChemSurvival: Professor Davis has got you covered! His videos are designed to help you digest organic chemistry.Master Organic Chemistry: The goal of this channel is to provide simple explanations.The Organic Chemistry Tutor: Here you can find lots of video tutorials on organic chemistry.Khan Academy Organic Chemistry:   If you still don’t know what is Khan Academy, check it out immediately! They provide a world-class education for anyone.Professor Dave explains: Organic chemistry can be simple when Professor Dave explains it!BlogsMaster Organic Chemistry: This website has plenty of articles on organic chemistry.Chemistry Help Center: Best teachers will help you with your organic chemistry class!Online Organic Chemistry Tutor: Check out this blog if you are facing any problems in your chemistry class.FlashcardsVarsity Tutors: Have a test tomorrow? Study with flashcards!Quizlet: Improve your results with access to flashcards and games!Flashcard Machine: Here you can find flashcards on whatever topic you need.ElectrochemistryLearning resourcesChemistry LibreTexts: What is electrochemistry? Master your knowledge with this s ite!Rapid Learning: Rapid study kit for electrochemistry.UCONN: Learn about the basic concepts of electrochemistry.Berkley City College: It is the best website to get your questions answered.Khan Academy: And again Khan Academy! It is just one of the best chemistry resources for students!Embibe: You can find a lot of useful information there and even take a test!com: Amy will teach you how to make a homemade lemon battery and how to diagram an electrochemical cell that will make a light bulb work.Chem1 virtual textbook: Everything you need to know about electrochemistry.Class notes: J.C. Baird’s own notes on electrochemistry!YouTube ChannelsTyler DeWitt: If you are having trouble with electrochemistry, check out Tyler’s videos!CosmoLearning: This YouTube channel has lots of video lectures from the best universities!ToolsGamry instruments: On this website, you can find three different calculators.Calistry: Online Nernst equation calculator!ChemPages: Voltaic cell calcul ator for free!Chemistryshark: Another Voltaic cell calculator! Compare it with a previous one!SolidsSolid is one of the three basic states of matter. Do you know everything about it? If not, then follow the links below!Learning resourcesIonic solids: Learn about some fundamental crystal structures.Introduction to crystals: Do you know how the external forms of crystals relate to their internal structures?Cubic crystals:   Learn more about cubic crystal lattices and close-packing!VideosCrashCourse: Hank will blow your mind with the different kinds of solids out there!GasesLearning materialsProperties of gases: What is special about gases? What is Dalton’s Law? Just follow the link.Gases study guide: A simple chemistry study guide for gases.Gas laws: The Pressure-Volume Law, the Temperature Volume Law, the Volume Amount Law and more!LibreTexts: A brief review of gases.Chemistry Explained: Learn about the relationships among gas properties.YouTube VideosCrashCourse: What is th e Ideal Gas Law? Study with Hank!Ideal Gas Problems: Have you ever heard about the Hindenburg Disaster? Do you know how to make fire with cotton and your fist? This video is worth checking out!The Ideal Gas Law: Let Professor Dave brief you through the details!Bozeman Science: Paul Andersen will explain you how gasses differ from the other phases of matter.ToolsGas Law Calculators:   Choose from different calculators!Combined Gas Law Calculator: A perfect tool for a chemistry student.Chemical kinetics Some students find chemistry extremely hard. Well, it is hard, that’s true. This subject has a tough reputation and chemistry is a difficult science to master in general. But, why students are struggling with it so much?Truth is, the level of information in today’s college chemistry books is rather bad. What is more, students struggle with math. And you can’t understand chemistry without knowing math since these two subjects are strongly connected. Some students can’t even add numbers without using a calculator. No matter, whether it is the education to blame or it is the responsibility of students themselves, it  is a real problem. So, if you are struggling with both subjects, then it might be a good time to make some changes in your studying process. However, there is no way around learning chemistry other than practice, practice, practice. Of course, this subject is not a walk in the park, but you can start to understand it better if you know some goo d online resources for studying.In this article, we have organized free chemistry resources for college students. We hope you will find these chemistry resources  extremely useful and that you will finally stop having troubles with this subject. So, check them out!Organic ChemistryIf you ask any student who has studied chemistry, which course was the most difficult for them, the answer will be organic chemistry. In fact, this class has the highest failure rate, but your online help is just a click away!YouTube ChannelsLeah4sci: You can find a lot of video tutorials on this channel with detailed explanations.Frank Wong: Frank is helping students discover their potential by showing them how fun and simple organic chemistry can be!ChemSurvival: Professor Davis has got you covered! His videos are designed to help you digest organic chemistry.Master Organic Chemistry: The goal of this channel is to provide simple explanations.The Organic Chemistry Tutor: Here you can find lots of video tutorials on organic chemistry.Khan Academy Organic Chemistry:   If you still don’t know what is Khan Academy, check it out immediately! They provide a world-class education for anyone.Professor Dave explains: Organic chemistry can be simple when Professor Dave explains it!BlogsMaster Organic Chemistry: This website has plenty of articles on organic chemistry.Chemistry Help Center: Best teachers will help you with your organic chemistry class!Online Organic Chemistry Tutor: Check out this blog if you are facing any problems in your chemistry class.FlashcardsVarsity Tutors: Have a test tomorrow? Study with flashcards!Quizlet: Improve your results with access to flashcards and games!Flashcard Machine: Here you can find flashcards on whatever topic you need.ElectrochemistryLearning resourcesChemistry LibreTexts: What is electrochemistry? Master your knowledge with this site!Rapid Learning: Rapid study kit for electrochemistry.UCONN: Learn about the basic concepts of electroch emistry.Berkley City College: It is the best website to get your questions answered.Khan Academy: And again Khan Academy! It is just one of the best chemistry resources for students!Embibe: You can find a lot of useful information there and even take a test!com: Amy will teach you how to make a homemade lemon battery and how to diagram an electrochemical cell that will make a light bulb work.Chem1 virtual textbook: Everything you need to know about electrochemistry.Class notes: J.C. Baird’s own notes on electrochemistry!YouTube ChannelsTyler DeWitt: If you are having trouble with electrochemistry, check out Tyler’s videos!CosmoLearning: This YouTube channel has lots of video lectures from the best universities!ToolsGamry instruments: On this website, you can find three different calculators.Calistry: Online Nernst equation calculator!ChemPages: Voltaic cell calculator for free!Chemistryshark: Another Voltaic cell calculator! Compare it with a previous one!SolidsSolid i s one of the three basic states of matter. Do you know everything about it? If not, then follow the links below!Learning resourcesIonic solids: Learn about some fundamental crystal structures.Introduction to crystals: Do you know how the external forms of crystals relate to their internal structures?Cubic crystals:   Learn more about cubic crystal lattices and close-packing!VideosCrashCourse: Hank will blow your mind with the different kinds of solids out there!GasesLearning materialsProperties of gases: What is special about gases? What is Dalton’s Law? Just follow the link.Gases study guide: A simple chemistry study guide for gases.Gas laws: The Pressure-Volume Law, the Temperature Volume Law, the Volume Amount Law and more!LibreTexts: A brief review of gases.Chemistry Explained: Learn about the relationships among gas properties.YouTube VideosCrashCourse: What is the Ideal Gas Law? Study with Hank!Ideal Gas Problems: Have you ever heard about the Hindenburg Disaster? Do you know how to make fire with cotton and your fist? This video is worth checking out!The Ideal Gas Law: Let Professor Dave brief you through the details!Bozeman Science: Paul Andersen will explain you how gasses differ from the other phases of matter.ToolsGas Law Calculators:   Choose from different calculators!Combined Gas Law Calculator: A perfect tool for a chemistry student.Chemical kineticsLearning materialscom: On this website, you can find lots of videos and lessons on kinetics. You can also test your knowledge with a practice test.Khan Academy: Learn about average reaction rates, rate laws, catalysts and more!Reaction rates: Here you can find even more about reaction rates!ToolsOnline kinetics simulator: Try out this online kinetics simulator by Gary L. Bertrand.Omni calculator: Online kinetic energy calculator.ExercisesFirst order reactions: Try to solve four different problems.Second order reactions: Here are another three problems that you can try to solve.Nuclear chem istryLearning materialsTilly Hancock: Learn about the case of the jumping carbons!TWDK: Read an interesting article that explains the problem of making predictions about the nuclear waste.Odyssey: It is a very simple explanation of nuclear chemistry.LibreTexts: All you need to know about nuclear chemistry.Nuclear processes: A guide to nuclear chemistry!Visionlearning: An introduction to nuclear chemistry by Anthony Carpi.Khan Academy: Simple explanations as always.Bishop Study Guide: Explanations, exercises, and tests. Review your skills!Study guide: Study guide on nuclear chemistry prepared by the University of North Florida.TestsBBC Bitesize: Revise your knowledge!Quizlet: Flashcards, tests, games to help you better understand nuclear chemistry.Quiz: Take an online test and see what else you need to learn!StudyLib: Another nuclear chemistry practice test.YouTubeCrashCourse: Incredibly helpful class by Hank.Nuclear reactions: Professor Dave will make you love chemistry even more!Ch emistry Tutor: Introduction to nuclear chemistry and radioactive decay with plenty of examples.Abigail Giordano: 30 minutes of nuclear chemistry!Acids and BasesLearning materialsLibreTexts: Follow the link to find an overview of acids and bases.Khan Academy: Learn what is pH, acid-base equilibria, and more.Visionlearning: An introduction to acids and bases by Anthony Carpi.Wyzant: Everything you need to know about acids and bases.Virtual textbook: Find more detailed explanations on this website.Stephen K. Lower: Acid-base without algebra!The fall of the proton: Find out why acids react with bases, but not always.pH tutorial: A compact guide to the fundamentals of acids and bases.Shodor: Acid-base review!YouTubeBozeman Science: Paul Andersen explains about acids, basis, and pH.Acid-Base Equilibrium: Learn how acid-base chemistry can be understood in terms of equilibrium.CrashCourse: Hank will explain you about acids and bases, and their proton-exchanging ways.Chemistry Tutor: A basic introduction to acids and bases.TestsBitesize: Which of the acids is most likely to be dangerous? How much do you really know about it?ProProfs: Bases react with metals. True or false?Quizlet: Improve your results with flashcards, tests, and games.ToolsFlinn Scientific: Acid and base molarity and normality online calculator.pH Calculator: Check out this online pH calculator!

The San Fermin Event Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

The San Fermin Event - Essay Example It is said to be one of the most spine-chilling events and extraordinary experience in the lives of those who attend it. Although bull running is the main attraction, there are other traditional events (Simonis, 2009). Historically, the event has a religious connotation spanning from the medieval epoch. Fermain, who is said to have had Roman ancestry, was converted to Christianity and baptized at Navarre. Having been ordained as a priest, he returned to Pamplona as its first Bishop. However, he was beheaded on preaching voyage and has since been regarded as a martyr in the Catholic Church. Some legend has it that he met his death after being dragged by enraged bulls on the streets of Pamplona. The event has since been held in his honor. Traditionally, the religious honoring of Saint Fermain was held in October but were later rescheduled to be held in summer when the weather was much better. The rescheduled event coincided with the bullfighting event. The bullfighting event had a commercial origin. Commercial trade fairs were organized in summer when merchants and their associates gathered in town with their cattle for business, and this led to the organization and staging of bullfighting events as a commemoration of the activities of the fair and hence became a tradition. At inception, the event was supposed to last two days but was later extended until the 10th and later to 14th, which is still observed. Many occasions were held at the festival, these include dancing, musical performance, theatre, orations, fireworks, and bullfighting (Tuchman, 2009). However, it was not until the 17th and 18th Century that the first bull-running event was witnessed and popularized. This coincided with the overwhelming presence of tourists and foreigners. It was also at this period that, concerns and alarms were raised about the excessive alcohol drinking and obscene disturbing behaviors exercised at this festival, which had a religious background and was held in honor of a saint.

Representation of Women in Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Representation of Women in Media - Essay Example This follows a keen observation of how women and men are portrayed in most movies and music videos. The part that women have been known to play in such movies often portrays them as sexual objects. There has been a widespread debate concerning the kinds of costumes that both men and women play, in most videos and erotic films, their male counterparts, who have been cited as merely taking advantage of those women, usually use them as baits for sexual activities. In most of the music videos and erotic films, women play a very passive role; their male counterparts often dictate them. Women are usually presented as weak characters and have to play their part in order to please men (Akinfeleye & Amobi 2011, p. 5-6). When people watch these movies, it has been discovered that they are largely influenced by the experiences they saw, something that has led to increased cases of sexual violence and other forms of aggression to women by male people. For this films and music videos to make sense to people who make them, women have to be dressed in a manner that is scanty and very revealing. On the other hand, the male has always been seen as being formal and well dressed, something that has raised an issue about the aspect of such passivity and submission. Most of the feminist discussions have criticized this kind of portrayal of women as a sex object rather than important and valuable members of the society just like men. Over time, the role of the mass media as a reliable and essential agent of socialization has attracted several criticisms from different segments of our contemporary society (Baran, & Davis 2012, p. 100). The images that are usually aired in mass media about music videos, erotic films and other kinds of programs have been said to change people’s perceptions about social realities, this is according to the observations from social psychologists. According to these propositions, these images are believed to play an essential role towards stimulating certain kinds of behaviors that are highly undesirable (Marnie et al. 2005, p. 67).